Difference between revisions of "ESXi Command Line Tools"

Revision as of 04:19, 21 February 2020

Scope of This Document

I keep forgetting the command line syntax for ESXi console, so I document the commands I use most often here, hopefully so they will eventually be committed to memory... if not I know where to quickly find them now.

Note that this document assumes you have Enabled SSH Techsupport mode.

Troubleshooting driver versions on ESXi Host

Get a list of all nics in the host

esxcli network nic list

Show what version a specific driver is currently running or loading at bootup

vmkload_mod -s DRIVER | grep Version

Get vendor information about a Device that can be cross-checked on the ESXi HCL

vmkchdev -l | grep DEVICENAME

Install Dell OpenManage agent on ESXi Host

esxcli software vib install -d /vmfs/volumes/SAS_RAID6/PATCH/OM-SrvAdmin-Dell-Web-8.5.0-2372.VIB-ESX60i_A00.zip
esxcli software vib list

Specifying the Default iSCSI Multipathing Mode

For Synology: For Equallogic: For Compellent:

esxcli storage nmp satp set --default-psp=VMW_PSP_RR --satp=VMW_SATP_ALUA 
esxcli storage nmp satp set --default-psp=VMW_PSP_RR --satp=VMW_SATP_EQL
esxcli storage nmp satp set --default-psp=VMW_PSP_RR --satp=VMW_SATP_DEFAULT_AA

VMWare ESXi Commands For Managing Guests

The main command is 'vim-cmd'. It has many uses via its subcommands and switches.

To get a list of all VM guests on a host, use:

vim-cmd vmsvc/getallvms

this will print a list of all VMs, their Vmid, common names, VM Guest OS, and file system locaion of the .vmx configuration file.

From that output, you take the Vmid of the host you want to manage, and check its power state like this:

vim-cmd vmsvc/power.getstate 2

The options for managing the power state of a guest VM are:

power.getstate                   
power.hibernate                  
power.off                        
power.on                         
power.reboot                     
power.reset                      
power.shutdown                   
power.suspend                    
power.suspendResume

To give a VM the command to gracefully shutdown, use:

vim-cmd vmsvc/power.shutdown 2

Moving .vmdk Files From Store to Store, Retain Thin Format

Power the VM Guest off. Remove from ESXi inventory.

Convert the vmdk file to thin:

vmkfstools -i SERVERNAME.vmdk -d thin SERVERNAME-thin.vmdk

Add the VM Guest back to inventory, and power on. Save the original disk file for just in case. After the system boots successfully, remove the thick vmdk file.

UPDATE - I have since found, that on the free version, if you create a target folder in the target file system, and then copy the contents of the actual Host folder (not the host folder itself), then the thin state will copy with the file. The above re-thining of the disk, was due to when copying the entire host folder, the disk would copy to thick format in the destination file system. One extra step, to pre-create the destination folder, but it saves a heck of a lot of time later when you dont have to re-thin several hundred gigs of vmdk files.  :)

Configuration Backup and Restore of a Single Host

Syncronize all settings:

vim-cmd hostsvc/firmware/sync_config

Dump all the settings:

vim-cmd hostsvc/firmware/backup_config

Upon completion, the host will print out:

Bundle can be downloaded at : http://*/downloads/configBundle-[FQDN].tgz.  

Enter the URL into a browser and substitute in the FQDN for the * and download the file to your system.

To restore from a previously saved config, scp the backup file from your system to the host, move it to the /tmp folder, and rename the file to configBundle.tgz.

mv configBundle-[FQDN].tgz /tmp/configBundle.tgz

Put the host in maintenance mode.

vim-cmd hostsvc/maintenance_mode_enter

Restore the previous configuration.

vim-cmd hostsvc/firmware/restore_config /tmp/configBundle.tgz

Upon completion of the reload, the host will reboot. Note, that if you rebuild the ESXi server, you will need to reinstall the same version, or patch up to the version that was running when the config dump was made.

Migrate a VM From One Host to Another

note: ensure that the VM that is being moved does not have any .iso file mounted to the cdrom drive. ie... anything it cannot take with it in the migration.

note also: if youre are moving a RHEL6 system, it would be helpful to remove the /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules before you do the final shutdown on the VM you are going to move.

ovftool -ds=DEST-DATASTORE vi://root@SOURCE-ESXi/VMNAME vi://root@DEST-ESXi

Updating the Hypervisor Using Command Line

Search the profile list and grep by the version and year you need to pull from:

 esxcli software sources profile list --depot=https://hostupdate.vmware.com/software/VUM/PRODUCTION/main/vmw-depot-index.xml|grep ESXi-6.5.0-2019
 esxcli software sources profile list --depot=https://hostupdate.vmware.com/software/VUM/PRODUCTION/main/vmw-depot-index.xml|grep ESXi-6.7.0-2019
 esxcli software profile update -d https://hostupdate.vmware.com/software/VUM/PRODUCTION/main/vmw-depot-index.xml -p PROFILE-NAME-UPDATING-TO

Killing a stuck VM

esxcli vm process list
esxcli vm process kill --type=force --world-id=10561

Setting SNMP

esxcli system snmp set -c mycomunity
esxcli system snmp set -l warning
esxcli system snmp set -e yes

SSH keys

SSH keys should be placed here:

/etc/ssh/keys-root/authorized_keys